IJOTM 2008-6490 4 2 2013 04 17 Dynamic Changes of IFN-γ-producing Cells, TGF-β and Their Predictive Value in Early Outcomes of Renal Transplantation 77 85 EN F Mohammadi MH Niknam M Nafar B Einollahi B Nazari M Lessanpezeshki MA Amirzargar G Solgi B Nikbin AA Amirzargar Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. info@ijotm.com 2013 04 17 Background: A growing body of evidence demonstrated an immune etiology as well as nonimmune mechanisms for episodes of clinical acute rejection and long-term allograft dysfunction.Objective: To investigate the correlation of IFN-γ-producing cells and TGF-β with incidence of clinical acute rejection in living-related and unrelated kidney allogarft recipients during the first post-transplant year.Methods: This multi-center study was performed on 57 kidney allograft recipients from living-related (n=20) and unrelated (n=37) donors between April 2011 and September 2012 and who were followed prospectively for a mean period of one year. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients pre-transplantation and at days 14, 30 and 90 after transplantation; PBMCs were used as responding cells in enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay to measure the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells after stimulation with donor lymphocytes. Additionally, TGF-β levels were measured in cell culture supernatants of ELISPOT assay.Results: During the follow-up period, 45 (79%) patients were diagnosed with stable graft function (group A); 12 (21%) experienced clinical acute rejection episodes (group B). The frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the rejection group in all three times after transplantation. Also, post-transplantation comparison for TGF-β showed a significantly (p<0.001) higher contents in group A vs. group B. Comparing the post-transplantation levels of TGF-β and mean numbers of IFN-γ-producing cells between groups A and B demonstrated a continuous increment in TGF-β and decreasing frequencies of IFN-γ-producing cells in group A vs. group B.Conclusion: Serial post-transplantation monitoring of IFN-γ-producing donor reactive cells during the first months is a clinically feasible approach for identification of kidney allogarft recipients at risk for ongoing immune-mediated graft damage and later graft loss.