Avicenna Organ Transplant InstituteInternational Journal of Organ Transplantation Medicine2000-64901120100122Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in a Transplant Kidney1010ENMSalehipourShiraz Organ Transplantation Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nemazi Hospital, Shiraz. salehipour@sums.ac.irJRoozbehA RRasekhiM AAfrasiabiHRezaeeKIzadpanahS AMalek-Hosseini20100122Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a severe necrotizing infection of the kidney and its surrounding tissues. It is characterized by the production of gas within the kidney and perinephric structures. EPN often affects diabetic women but can also occur in nondiabetic patients who have ureteral obstruction and in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report EPN in a 23-year-old woman who had a renal transplantation.